The role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in cellular communication: A review

The blood-brain barrier regulates the flow of ions, chemicals, and cells by acting as a conduit between blood cerebral tissue. Additionally, it shields brain against pathogen invasion immune cell infiltration. It is composed endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytic end feet, perivascular macrophages, microglial which help in maintaining its integrity. There are various signaling pathways that also involved Wnt/β catenin, FZD4/FZD7, Hedgehog TGF-β were evident to produce components or factors stabilise BBB. However, NF-B ERK caused creation MMPs, increased BBB's permeability. These functions altered pathological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease mentioned.